視頻加載中...

Hi, everybody.

嗨，大家好。

Welcome back to www. engvid. com. I&39;m Adam.

歡迎回到www.engvid.com。我是Adam。

In today&39;s video we&39;re going to look at the prepositions: &34;by&34; and &34;until&34;.

在今天的視頻中，我們將看到介詞：&34;by&34; 和&34;until&34; 。

We&39;re going to look at the differences between them, and how to use them, and what specific meanings they each have.

我們來看看它們之間的區(qū)別，以及如何使用它們，它們各自有什么特殊含義。

We&39;re also going to look at the expression: &34;by the time&34;, as another way of using &34;by&34; or whatever situation, and this one: &34;no ________ than&34;.

我們也會(huì)看到這個(gè)短語：“到時(shí)候”，作為另一種使用 &34;by&34; 或任何情況的方式，而這一點(diǎn)：“沒有什么比”。

Now, the reason why I left this blank is because you can actually put quite a few words in there.

現(xiàn)在，我之所以留這個(gè)空白是因?yàn)槟銓?shí)際上可以填寫很多詞。

We&39;re going to look specifically at: &34;no later than&34; to replace &34;by&34; and &34;until&34;, but for now I want you to also understand that there&39;s other uses for it, and I&39;ll give you some examples of those.

我們將具體地看一下：“不遲于”取代“由”和“直到”，但現(xiàn)在我想讓你們也明白，還有其他的用法，我會(huì)給你們一些例子。

Now, before I start I will say Emma did a very good lesson about &34;by&34; and &34;until&34;.

現(xiàn)在，在開始之前，我想說艾瑪對(duì)&34;by&34;和&34;to&34;上了很好的一課。

Mine is a little bit different because I&39;m going to show you some other situations where you will use one or the other.

我的有點(diǎn)不同，因?yàn)槲乙o你們展示會(huì)用到的一些其他的情況。

Okay?

好嗎？

So we&39;re going to start by figuring out: What&39;s the difference between these two?

所以我們首先要搞清楚：這兩者有什么區(qū)別？

So look at our example sentences.

看看我們的例句。

I&39;ll get to our little time map in a second.

我一會(huì)兒就到我們的小時(shí)間圖上去。

&34;I&39;ll be at the office until noon.&34;,&34;I&39;ll be at the office by noon.&34;

“我會(huì)在辦公室呆到中午?！?，“中午之前我會(huì)在辦公室?！?/p>

Now, first of all, let&39;s assume the average workday is about. . .

現(xiàn)在，首先，讓我們假設(shè)平均工作日是…

Is from 9 until about 5 o&39;clock, but I have some. . .

從9點(diǎn)到五點(diǎn)左右，但是我有一些…

I have some meetings in the afternoon so I will have to leave the office.

下午我有一些會(huì)議，所以我必須離開辦公室。

But if you want to meet with me, I&39;ll be there until noon.

但是如果你想和我見面，我會(huì)一直呆到中午。

What does that mean?

這意味著什么？

It means that I will arrive at the office at the usual time,9 o&39;clock, and I will stay there.

這意味著我將像平時(shí)一樣在九點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)辦公室，并且我會(huì)待在那。

So my stay at the office will continue until noon.

所以我在辦公室的時(shí)間會(huì)一直持續(xù)到中午。

At noon I will leave.

中午我會(huì)離開。

Okay?

對(duì)嗎？

So this is when we&39;re using &34;until&34;.

所以這就是我們使用&34;until&34; 的時(shí)候。

Now, before I get in. . .

現(xiàn)在，在我進(jìn)去之前…

Into that again, let&39;s look at the second one.

再看一遍，讓我們看看第二個(gè)。

&34;I&39;ll be at the office by noon.&34;So, here, we&39;re looking at somewhere in this time, but not later than noon I will arrive at the office.

“中午之前我會(huì)在辦公室?！彼?，在這里，我們現(xiàn)在正在看某個(gè)地方，但不遲于中午，我會(huì)到達(dá)辦公室。

Okay?

對(duì)嗎？

Now, what&39;s the key difference between these two?

現(xiàn)在，這兩者之間的主要區(qū)別是什么？

Well, one, something continues.

嗯，一件事，繼續(xù)下去。

An action starts, continues, and it ends at that time mentioned after &34;until&34;.

一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始，繼續(xù)，結(jié)束于“直到”之后提到的那個(gè)時(shí)候。

So both of them have an end time.

所以他們都有一個(gè)結(jié)束時(shí)間。

You could even say a deadline, but that&39;s for other uses.

你甚至可以說一個(gè)最后期限，但那是有其他的用途。

There&39;s an end time.

有一個(gè)結(jié)束的時(shí)間。

And that end time is noon.

那個(gè)結(jié)束時(shí)間是中午。

Okay?

對(duì)嗎？

Something will happen at noon.

中午會(huì)發(fā)生點(diǎn)什么事。

Now, in the case of &34;by&34;, it could happen before.

現(xiàn)在，在&34;by&34; 的情況下，它可能發(fā)生在以前。

In the case of &34;until&34;, only one thing will happen.

在&34;until&34; 的情況下，只有一件事會(huì)發(fā)生。

But the key to remember: When we use &34;by&34;, we&39;re looking at a finite action.

但要記住關(guān)鍵是：當(dāng)我們使用&34;by&34;時(shí)，我們看到的是一個(gè)有限的動(dòng)作。

This arrive is a one-time thing.

這是一次性的事情。

Right?

對(duì)嗎？

It&39;ll. . .

它將會(huì)…

It can happen here, it could happen here, it could even happen here.

它可能發(fā)生在這里，它可能發(fā)生在這里，甚至可能發(fā)生在這里。

With &34;until&34; only here will I leave.

只有這里用&34;until&34; 我將會(huì)離開。

Okay?

好嗎？

Now, what&39;s the difference, another difference that we have to think about?

現(xiàn)在，有什么不同，我們需要考慮的另一個(gè)差異？

Is not only the continuance of an action and the finite situation of an action; here, we&39;re looking at something ending.

不僅是行為的延續(xù)，也是行動(dòng)的有限情形；在這里，我們正在尋找結(jié)局。

My time at the office will end.

我在辦公室的時(shí)間將要結(jié)束。

Here, something can end or start.

在這里，一些東西可以結(jié)束或開始。

So if you want to meet me, I&39;ll be in the office by noon, so you can meet me from noon until 5.

如果你想見我，我中午之前會(huì)在辦公室，所以從中午到5點(diǎn)你可以來見我。

So the start time, the earliest time you can meet me is noon.

所以開始的時(shí)間，你能遇見我的最早的時(shí)間是中午。

The latest time you can meet me is just before noon because I&39;m leaving at noon.

你能遇見我的最遲的時(shí)間是剛好在中午之前，因?yàn)槲艺鐣?huì)離開。

Right?

對(duì)嗎？

So that&39;s one thing to keep in mind.

所以這是我們要記住的一件事。

The. . .

這個(gè)。。。

Basically the implied situation.

基本上隱含的情況。

Now: &34;I&39;ll be at the office by noon and I&39;ll stay until 5.&34;

現(xiàn)在：“中午之前我會(huì)在辦公室，我會(huì)一直呆到5點(diǎn)?！?/p>

You can use both of them in one sentence.

你可以把它們都用在一個(gè)句子里。

Sometime in here I&39;ll arrive, and then from 12 till 5,

有時(shí)我會(huì)到這里，然后從12點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)，

I&39;ll be at the office.

我會(huì)在辦公室。

So, what&39;s the key?

那么，關(guān)鍵是什么呢？

Now I hope you basically notice this.

現(xiàn)在我希望你們基本上都能注意到這一點(diǎn)。

What&39;s the key difference in these two sentences, is it the preposition?

這兩個(gè)句子的主要區(qū)別是什么？是介詞嗎？

Yes.

是的。

Different prepositions, different meanings.

不同的介詞，不同的意義。

But what I hope you realize is that the difference is in the verb &34;be&34;.

但我希望你們認(rèn)識(shí)到，不同之處在于動(dòng)詞&34;be&34;。

Why?

為什么呢？

What does &34;be&34; mean here, and what does &34;be&34; mean here?

這里的&34;be&34;是什么意思，這里的&34;be&34;又是什么意思？

&34;Be. . . I&39;ll be at the office until. . . Until noon&34;, means I will stay at the office until noon.

“是……我會(huì)在辦公室一直待到…直到中午”，意味著我將在辦公室待到中午。

So this situation will continue.

因此，這種情況將繼續(xù)下去。

Here,&34;be&34; means arrive.

這里，&34;be&34;意思是到達(dá)。

&34;I will arrive at the office by noon.&34;So, one point here in this time. . .

“中午前我會(huì)到達(dá)辦公室?！彼?，這里有一點(diǎn)…

Timeframe I guess you could call it, something will happen.

我想你可以稱之為時(shí)間框架，有些事將要發(fā)生。

Continued, finite.

連續(xù)的，有限的。

&34;Finite&34; means it&39;s a one-time action and that&39;s it, it&39;s finished.

“有限”意味著它是一次性的動(dòng)作，就這樣，它完成了。

So that&39;s a very important thing to remember with &34;by&34;.

所以記住用&34;by&34; 是一個(gè)非常重要的事情。

Okay?

好嗎？

&34;By&34;, and we also think about: &34;at&34;,&34;on&34;, or &34;before&34;.

&34;By&34;，我們也會(huì)想到：&34;at&34;,&34;on&34;,或者&34;before&34;。

So,&34;at&34; for time.

所以，&34;at&34;用于時(shí)間。

This is a little review of prepositions.

這是對(duì)介詞的一點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)。

&34;At 5 o&39;clock&34;,&34;on Friday&34;,&34;on day&34;, so: &34;At 5 o&39;clock or before.&34;,

“在五點(diǎn)鐘”，“在星期五”，“在白天”，所以：“在五點(diǎn)或之前?！?，

&34;At noon or before.&34;,&34;On Friday or before.&34;Okay?

“在中午或之前，”“在星期五或之前”，好嗎？

&34;Until&34;. . .

“直到”…

Now, we don&39;t use this preposition &34;to&34;, but something continues to the end time.

現(xiàn)在，我們不使用這個(gè)介詞&34;to&34;，但有些東西會(huì)持續(xù)到最后的時(shí)間。

Okay?

好嗎？

So that&39;s one way. . .

所以這是一種方式…

Another way of thinking about these two in terms of: What&39;s the difference?

另一種思維方式的兩個(gè)主要方面：有什么差別嗎？

&34;By&34; or &34;before&34; continue &34;to&34;.

&34;By&34;或者&34;before&34;繼續(xù)到&34;to&34;.

Okay?

好嗎？

We&39;re going to look at a few more samples, and you&39;ll get a better idea of when to use &34;by&34;, when to use &34;until&34;.

我們?cè)俣嗫磶讉€(gè)例子，你會(huì)更好地了解何時(shí)使用&34;by&34;，何時(shí)使用&34;until&34;。

Okay, so let&39;s look at some more examples and I want to come back to this idea of finite actions.

好的，讓我們?cè)倏磶讉€(gè)例子，我想回到這個(gè)有限行動(dòng)的想法。

Okay?

好嗎？

&34;Finish&34; is a finite action.

“完成”是一個(gè)有限的動(dòng)作。

Now, just to clarify, again: What does &34;finite&34; mean?

現(xiàn)在，再澄清一下：“有限”是什么意思？

It means it&39;s a very limited time.

這意味著這是一個(gè)非常有限的時(shí)間。

It doesn&39;t go on for a long time.

這種情況不會(huì)持續(xù)很長時(shí)間。

So if you&39;re going to finish your homework, it means last question answered, done, finished.

所以，如果你要完成你的家庭作業(yè)，那意味著最后一個(gè)問題的回答，做完，完成。

You can&39;t be finishing for a long time because the verb &34;finish&34; doesn&39;t extend; it&39;s done or it&39;s not done.

你不能完成很長一段時(shí)間，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞“完成”沒有擴(kuò)展；已經(jīng)完成了，還是沒有完成。

Right?

對(duì)嗎？

So: &34;I&39;ll finish my homework until 5.&34;Now, a lot of people will say this, they will write this, but technically it&39;s not correct.

所以：“我會(huì)在5點(diǎn)之前完成我的作業(yè)?！爆F(xiàn)在，很多人會(huì)這樣說，他們會(huì)寫這個(gè)，但技術(shù)上是不正確的。

&34;I&39;ll finish my homework by 5.&34; is okay because it&39;s a one-time situation and it&39;ll happen at 5 or before, at some point in that time.

“我將在5點(diǎn)之前完成作業(yè)。”還好，因?yàn)樗且淮涡缘那闆r，它會(huì)發(fā)生在5或之前，在那個(gè)時(shí)候的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

So, how would you fix the first sentence?

那么，第一個(gè)句子是怎么處理的呢？

Two ways.

兩種方式。

One: &34;I&39;ll finish my homework at 5.&34;That&39;s one way.

一個(gè)是：“我5點(diǎn)完成作業(yè)?！边@是一個(gè)辦法。

If you know you&39;re going to be done at 5 you can say that.

如果你知道你將在5點(diǎn)完成，你可以這么說。

But the better thing to do is to change the verb, make it a non-finite verb.

但最好的辦法是改變動(dòng)詞，讓它成為一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞。

&34;I&39;ll work on my homework until 5.&34;Means work, work, work, time goes on, work, work, work, time goes on,5 o&39;clock, okay, I&39;m done.

“我要寫作業(yè)到5點(diǎn)。”意思是工作，工作，工作，時(shí)間繼續(xù)，工作，工作，工作，時(shí)間繼續(xù)，五點(diǎn)，好了，我做完了。

Finished, not finished, not important.

完成了，沒有完成，不重要。

If you finished, great.

如果你完成了，很好。

If you didn&39;t finish, that&39;s fine. 5 o&39;clock is your end time, then you will finish later if you didn&39;t finish by 5.

如果你沒有完成，也沒事。五點(diǎn)是你的結(jié)束時(shí)間，如果你沒有在5點(diǎn)完成的話，之后你會(huì)很快完成的。

Okay.

好的。

Now, another thing to keep in mind: We can use both prepositions with any tense.

現(xiàn)在，另一件事要牢記：我們可以在任何時(shí)態(tài)使用兩個(gè)介詞。

You can talk about the past, you can talk about the future.

你可以談?wù)撨^去，你可以談?wù)撐磥怼?/p>

But when we&39;re using perfect tenses, we use the &34;by&34; preposition.

但是，當(dāng)我們使用完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，我們用的介詞是&34;by&34;。

Let&39;s look at examples.

讓我們來看一下例子。

&34;I&39;ll have completed my tasks by 5 o&39;clock.&34;&34;Will have completed&34;, this is your future perfect.

“我將在五點(diǎn)之前完成我的任務(wù)?！薄耙呀?jīng)完成”。這是你的將來完成時(shí)。

The future perfect often makes use of &34;by&34;.

將來完成時(shí)常常使用&34;by&34;。

Okay?

對(duì)嗎？

We can also talk about the past perfect.

我們也可以談一談過去完成時(shí)。

Now, here, I&39;m starting to introduce: &34;By the time&34;.

現(xiàn)在，在這里，我要開始介紹：“到時(shí)候”。

&34;By the time&34; has the exact same use or the exact same function as &34;by&34;, except that now instead of saying: &34;By 5 o&39;clock&34;,&34;By Tuesday&34;,&34;By next year&34;, I&39;m giving you a more general time.

“到時(shí)候”具有與&34;by&34;完全相同的用法或完全相同的功能，除了那個(gè)，現(xiàn)在不再是說：“到五點(diǎn)”，“到星期二”，“到明年”，我將要給你一個(gè)更一般的時(shí)間。

And then I&39;m identifying that time.

然后我在確定那個(gè)時(shí)間。

Right?

對(duì)嗎？

So I can be more generic. . .

所以我可以更一般化…

General.

普遍。

I can say anything.

我能說什么。

&34;By the time we&39;re through&34;, I don&39;t have to give you a specific time,

“到我們結(jié)束的時(shí)候”，我不必給你一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間，

I can give you a specific situation.

我可以給你一個(gè)具體的情境。

&34;By the time he arrived&34;, so now the time is when this action happened.

“在他到達(dá)的時(shí)候”，現(xiàn)在是行動(dòng)的時(shí)候了。

What time of the day?

一天幾點(diǎn)？

I don&39;t know.

我不知道。

Not important.

那不重要。

&34;By the time he arrived&34;, so I have my adjective clause to identify the time, and then I have my next clause: &34;She had already left.&34;So, because at this time he arrived. . .

“他到達(dá)的時(shí)候”，所以我有我的定語從句來確定時(shí)間，然后我有了下一句：“她已經(jīng)走了?！币?yàn)椋@時(shí)他到了…

&34;By this time&34; means at this time or before.

“此時(shí)”意味著此時(shí)此刻。

Right?

對(duì)嗎？

So if it happened before,

如果以前發(fā)生過，

I must use the past perfect to show the relationship in time.

我必須用過去完成時(shí)來表達(dá)時(shí)間的關(guān)系。

Okay?

好嗎？

By the time he arrived, she had already left.

當(dāng)他到達(dá)時(shí)，她已經(jīng)走了。

&34;I&39;ll have completed my tasks by 5 o&39;clock.&34;So 5 o&39;clock, they&39;re done.

“我五點(diǎn)之前就完成任務(wù)了。”所以五點(diǎn)，他們做完了。

Okay.

好的。

Let&39;s look at &34;until&34; just to show you there could be past, or present, future, etc. &34;She waited in the lobby until he arrived.&34;So she waited, waited, waited, waited, waited.

讓我們來看看&34;until&34;只是想讓你知道過去,現(xiàn)在或未來，等等?！八诖髲d里等著，直到他來。”于是她等，等，等，等，等。

Oh, there he is.

哦，他在那兒。

So, again, you don&39;t have to use a specific time.

所以，再有，你不必使用特定的時(shí)間。

You can use an actual clause, and then there. . .

你可以使用一個(gè)實(shí)際子句，然后在那里…

This is therefore a clause marker, an adverb clause marker, subordinate clause.

這是一個(gè)子句標(biāo)記，副詞子句標(biāo)記，從句。

&34;Until he arrives, she. . .&34;&34;She can&34;, this is an &34;n&34;. &34;. . . she can wait in the lobby. Until he arrives, she can. . .&34; so we have a present.

“直到他到達(dá)，她……”“她可以“，這是一個(gè)&34;n&34; ?！啊梢栽诖髲d里等。直到他到達(dá)，她才能……”所以我們有一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

&34;Until he arrives,&34; keep in mind this is still an adverb clause now we&39;re looking at.

“直到他來，”請(qǐng)記住，這仍然是副詞從句，現(xiàn)在我們來看。

You can&39;t use &34;by&34; as a clause marker, as an adverb clause, but you can use: &34;By the time&34; with an adjective clause or &34;until&34; with an adverb clause.

你不能用“be”作為子句標(biāo)記，作為副詞子句，但你可以用：“到時(shí)候”跟定語從句或者“直到”跟副詞子句。

&34;Until he arrives, she will wait in the lobby.&34;Present simple, future.

“直到他到達(dá)，她會(huì)在大廳里等著?！币话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)，未來時(shí)。

Again, think about when.

再想一想什么時(shí)候。

When he arrives, she will have been waiting in the thing for five hours.

當(dāng)他到達(dá)的時(shí)候，她已經(jīng)等了五個(gè)小時(shí)了。

You can also use the perfect with &34;until&34;, but then you have to specify the time period.

你也可以用“直到”表達(dá)完成時(shí)，但另一方面是你必須指定時(shí)間段。

When you&39;re using perfect, go with the &34;by&34;, more common.

當(dāng)你使用完成式時(shí)，與&34;by&34;一起，更常見。

Use &34;until&34; as an adverb clause conjunction.

使用&34;until&34; 作為副詞從句連詞。

That&39;s another big difference between these two.

這是兩者之間的另一大區(qū)別。

&34;By&34; always a preposition.

&34;By&34; 總是作為一個(gè)介詞。

&34;Until&34; can be a preposition or a conjunction for an adverb clause, so that&39;s important to understand as well.

&34;Until&34; 可以是副詞子句的介詞或連詞，所以理解也是很重要的。

So now we&39;re going to look at expressions that we can use to replace these in case we&39;re ever not sure.

所以現(xiàn)在我們來看看可以用來替換的這些表達(dá)，以防我們不確定。

Okay?

好嗎？

Okay, so let&39;s do a little bit of review before we look at some other expressions.

好的。因此，讓我們做一些復(fù)習(xí)，然后再看一些其他的表達(dá)方式。

Before I want to do anything else, actually, I want to mention &34;until&34;.

在我想做任何事情之前，實(shí)際上，我想提到&34;until&34;。

You might notice in many situations people using the word &34;till&34; or sometimes they&39;ll use like an abbreviation: &34;&39;til&34;.

你可能注意到在很多情況下，人們使用&34;till&34;這個(gè)詞，有時(shí)他們會(huì)用縮寫：&34;&39;til&34;。

&34;Till&34; is a little more common,&34;&39;til&34; is a bit more common in American English.

&34;Till&34; 有點(diǎn)常見，&34;&39;til&34; 在美式英語中更為常見。

Personally, there&39;s only one letter difference, like one, two, three, four;one, two, three, four, five.

就個(gè)人而言，只有一個(gè)字母差異，比如一，二，三，四；一，二，三，四，五。

Just write &34;until&34;.

就只寫&34;until&34;。

If you&39;re not sure, use &34;until&34; in your writing.

如果你不確定，在你的寫作中就使用&34;until&34; 。

In spoken English: &34;till&34;,&34;&39;til&34;, both okay.

在口語中：&34;till&34;,&34;&39;til&34;,都可以。

In written English go with &34;until&34;.

用書面英語中用&34;until&34; 。

Now, let&39;s review this: &34;By the time&34;.

現(xiàn)在，讓我們回顧一下：“到時(shí)候”。

We use &34;by the time&34; plus an adjective clause to identify which time.

我們用“到時(shí)候”加形容詞子句來確定哪一個(gè)時(shí)間。

So we can have two options.

所以我們可以有兩種選擇。

I can say: &34;By the end of the lesson. . .&34;, like let&39;s say we&39;re having a lesson now, so: &34;By the end of this lesson, you will have learned about &39;by&39;, &39;until&39;.&34;

我可以說：“到課的最后……”比如說，我們現(xiàn)在正在上課，所以：“在這節(jié)課結(jié)束的時(shí)候，你會(huì)學(xué)到&39;by&39; ,&39;until&39; ?！?/p>

Or: &34;By the time&34;-which time? -&34;that we are done, you will have learned about &39;by&39; and &39;until&39;.&34;So, there are two ways to use &34;by&34;.

或者：“到時(shí)候”——哪一次？-“我們已經(jīng)完成了，你會(huì)學(xué)到‘通過’和‘直到’?！彼?，有兩種方法使用&34;by&34; 。

The thing to remember is when you use: &34;By the time&34;, make sure to identify which time.

要記住的是，當(dāng)你使用：“到時(shí)候”，務(wù)必確定哪個(gè)時(shí)間。

If you have a specific time. . .

如果你有一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間…

&34;End of the lesson&34; means this particular time when the lesson is finished, and then go on with your next clause saying what will have happened then or before.

“課末”指的是上課結(jié)束時(shí)的特定時(shí)間，然后繼續(xù)你的下一句話，說之后會(huì)發(fā)生什么或之前發(fā)生過什么。

Maybe you already understand &34;by&34; and &34;until&34;, in which case, good stuff.

也許你已經(jīng)理解了“由”和“直到”，在這種情況下，好東西。

Now, another thing I want to look at: &34;I&39;ll be done by 7.&34;,

現(xiàn)在，我想說的另一件事是：“我將在7點(diǎn)之前完成。”，

&34;I&39;ll be done no later than 7.&34;What&39;s the difference in these two meanings?

“我不會(huì)遲于7點(diǎn)完成。”這兩個(gè)意思有什么區(qū)別？

Nothing.

沒有什么。

We can use: &34;no later than&34; as a replacement for &34;by&34;.

我們可以用：“不遲于”作為代替“由”。

Now, why am I showing you this?

現(xiàn)在，為什么我要給你看這個(gè)？

If you&39;re ever in a situation where you&39;re writing and you&39;re not exactly sure if you should use &34;by&34; or &34;until&34;, and you don&39;t want to make a mistake, maybe on a test or whatever the situation, here&39;s another option.

如果你曾經(jīng)處于寫東西的境地，并且你不確定是否應(yīng)該使用&34;by&34;或&34;until&34;，而且你不想犯錯(cuò)誤，也許在考試或任何情況下，這是另一種選擇。

&34;No later than&34; means this is the absolute latest time, so this time or before.

“不遲”意味著這絕對(duì)是最遲的時(shí)間，所以是在這個(gè)時(shí)間或之前。

It basically means the same thing as &34;by&34;.

它基本上和&34;by&34;的意思相同。

Okay?

對(duì)嗎？

And again, I&39;m still using a finite verb in this case.

而且，在這種情況下，我仍然使用一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞。

&34;When are you working until?&34;So I&39;m asking: When is the. . . ?

“你什么時(shí)候工作？”所以我問：什么時(shí)候…？

When are you ending your work? &34;7 at the latest.&34;This is another expression, but be careful with it because some people say: &34;Oh, I&39;m working until 7 at the latest.&34;,&34;Until 7&34; means 7 is the latest, so &34;at the latest&34; becomes redundant.

你什么時(shí)候結(jié)束工作？“最晚7點(diǎn)。”這是另一種表達(dá)，但是要小心，因?yàn)橛腥苏f：“哦，我最遲工作到7點(diǎn)。”，“到7點(diǎn)”表示7點(diǎn)是最遲的，所以“最遲”就多余了。

If you&39;re going to use this expression, don&39;t use &34;until&34;.

如果你要使用這種表達(dá)，不要使用“直到”。

If you&39;re going to use &34;until&34;, don&39;t use this added expression.

如果你要使用“直到”，不要使用這個(gè)附加的表達(dá)。

And: &34;I&39;ll be there. . .&34;Now, we can go the opposite way.

然后：“我會(huì)在那里……”現(xiàn)在，我們可以走相反的道路。

We can talk about earlier: &34;no earlier than&34;.

我們可以較早地談?wù)摚骸安辉缬凇薄?/p>

So: &34;no later than&34; means end time;&34;no earlier than&34; means beginning time.

所以：“不遲于”意味著結(jié)束時(shí)間；“不早于”意味著開始時(shí)間。

Do you remember that graph we looked at before when I said &34;by&34; could be an end or a start?

你還記得我們以前說過的“當(dāng)”是一個(gè)結(jié)束還是一個(gè)開始？

Well, that&39;s where we have this.

好吧，這就是我們所擁有的。

The key to remember is that when we turn it around to use &34;by&34; or &34;until&34;, then we&39;re going to basically go with the opposite verb, like negative or positive.

要記住的關(guān)鍵是，當(dāng)我們把它翻過來用&34;by&34;或&34;until&34;時(shí)，我們基本上會(huì)用到相反的動(dòng)詞，比如否定或肯定。

&34;I&39;ll be there no earlier than noon.&34;,&34;I won&39;t be there by noon.&34;,

“我不會(huì)在中午之前趕到那里?！?“我中午以前不會(huì)到那兒去?！?

&34;I won&39;t be there until noon.&34;So &34;by noon&34; means noon or before I won&39;t show up.

“我中午以前不會(huì)在那兒?！彼浴暗街形纭币馕吨形缁蛘呶疫€沒露面之前。

&34;I won&39;t be there until noon.&34;At noon I will arrive and continue.

“我中午以前不會(huì)到那兒去?！敝形缥視?huì)來繼續(xù)。

Okay?

對(duì)嗎？

So the &34;won&39;t be&34; will continue until noon.

所以“不會(huì)”會(huì)持續(xù)到中午。

The &34;won&39;t be&34; will continue. . .

“不會(huì)”會(huì)繼續(xù)下去…

Will be from noon or before.

將到中午或之前。

And again, different meaning to the verb &34;be&34;, but you can use: &34;no earlier than&34;, &34;no later than&34;.

再有，對(duì)動(dòng)詞&34;be&34;的含義不同，但你可以使用：“不早于”，“不遲于”。

You can also use these.

你也可以使用這些。

These are basically minimizers and maximizers, this expression.

這些基本上是最小化器和最大化器，這種表達(dá)。

&34;No later than&34;, maximum.

“不遲于”，最大。

&34;No earlier than&34;, minimum in terms of time.

“不早于”，在時(shí)間上最小。

You can use other expressions, you can use: &34;No sooner than&34;, basically means the same as earlier.

可以使用其他的表達(dá)方式，你可以使用：“不遲于”?；旧虾颓懊嬉粯印?/p>

You can say: &34;No more than&34;, means a maximum amount or a maximum number.

你可以說：“不超過”，意思是最大數(shù)額或最大數(shù)量。

&34;No less than&34; or &34;no fewer than&34; means a minimum.

“不少于”或“不少于”表示最小值。

So, these are good to have for time, but just so you understand, they&39;re applicable to basically everything;numbers, quantities, time, situations, etc. So,

所以，這些對(duì)于時(shí)間是很好，但你可以理解，它們基本上適用于所有事物；數(shù)目、數(shù)量、時(shí)間、情況等等。所以，

I hope that all of this helped you understand how to use &34;by&34;,&34;until&34;,&34;by the time&34;, and &34;no later than&34;.

我希望所有這些能幫助你理解如何使用“到”，“直到”“到時(shí)候”和 “不遲于”。

I hope you enjoyed this lesson.

我希望你喜歡這一課。

Please subscribe to my YouTube channel if you did.

如果你愿意的話請(qǐng)訂閱我的YouTube頻道。

If you have any questions, please go to www. engvid. com, join the forum and ask me the questions you have.

如果你有任何問題，請(qǐng)到engvid網(wǎng)站，加入論壇有什么問題可以問我。

I&39;ll be happy to try to answer them.

我很樂意回答。

There&39;s also. . .

還有…

There&39;s also a quiz at www. engvid. com. Take the quiz, make sure you understand which one of these expressions to use based on the context.

還有一個(gè)在www. engvid.com的問答游戲。參加測(cè)驗(yàn)，請(qǐng)確保理解基于上下文的用的這些表達(dá)中的哪一個(gè)。

And, of course, come back again soon, see us again, we&39;ll have more great lessons for you, and I&39;ll see ya then.

當(dāng)然，我們很快又會(huì)回來，再見，我們會(huì)為你們帶來更好的課程，到時(shí)候見。

Bye.

拜。