Unit1what'sthematter?1.It’s+形容詞+forsb.+todosth.做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是…的。It’simportanttodosth.做某事很重要。It’simportantformetoeatabalancedd

Unit1 what' s the matter?

1. It’s +形容詞 + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是…的。

It’s important to do sth. 做某事很重要。

It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡飲食對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是很重要的.

It’s easy to do sth. 做某事是容易的。

It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是容易的。

2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法

should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，它的基本用法是必須和其他動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。意為"應(yīng)該......"。

should（應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該）用于所有人稱，表示勸告或建議。

eg. ---I have a very bad cold. 我感冒很厲害。

---You should lie down and have a rest. 你應(yīng)該躺下，多喝水。

3. maybe與may be

（1）maybe是副詞，譯為“也許、可能”，相當(dāng)于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question. 也許他能回答那個(gè)問(wèn)題。

He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也來(lái)自美國(guó)。

（2）may be中的may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，譯為“可能是......”。如：

He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也來(lái)自美國(guó)。

She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。

4. few、a few、little、a little的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系：

（1）few / a few用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞，few表示否定意義，沒(méi)有，幾乎沒(méi)有；a few表示肯定意義， 有幾個(gè)。 例如：

He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他這里沒(méi)朋友，他感覺(jué)寂寞。

There are a few eggs in the basket. 籃子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。

（2）little / a little用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞，little表示否定意義，沒(méi)有，幾乎沒(méi)有； a little 表示肯定意義，有一點(diǎn)兒。 例如：

There is little ink in my bottle. Can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里沒(méi)有墨水了，你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎？

5. not…until 直到…(否定句) 才......，動(dòng)詞為短暫性或瞬間性動(dòng)詞。

She didn’t leave until we came.

He went shopping after he got up.

=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.

...until/till 直到......（肯定句）動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.

Unit2 I'll help clean the city parks.

1. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞小結(jié)

常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾種：

（1）動(dòng)詞+副詞 如：give up 放棄；turn off 關(guān)掉；stay up 熬夜

這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，如果其賓語(yǔ)是代詞，就必須放在動(dòng)

詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，也可放

在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。

（2）動(dòng)詞+介詞 如：listen of 聽(tīng)；look at 看；belong to 屬于

這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟賓語(yǔ)。

（3）動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞 如：come up with 提出，想出； run out of 用完，耗盡

（4）動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞 如：take part in參加；catch hold of 抓住

2. each 每個(gè)，各自的，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的個(gè)別情況，常與of 連用

every 每個(gè)，每一個(gè)的，一切的，有“全體”的意思不能與of 連用

3. help sb. (to) do 幫助某人做某事 help him (to) study

help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事 help him with English

help do 幫助做某事 help study

4. spend...doing... 花費(fèi)…做…

I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的時(shí)間去參觀北京。

spend… on sth. 花費(fèi)…在… I spent 3 years on English.

5. join 參加 (指參加團(tuán)體、組織) 如：join the Party 入黨

take part in 參加 (指參加活動(dòng)) 如：take part in sports meeting 參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)

6. run out 與 run out of

（1）run out (become used up). 其主語(yǔ)往往為物。如時(shí)間，食物，金錢，油等，本身就含有被動(dòng)意義。

His money soon ran out. 他的錢很快就花光了。

Our time is running out. 我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。

（2）run out of 主語(yǔ)為人，表示主動(dòng)含義。

He is always running out of money before pay day. 他總是在發(fā)工資的日子還沒(méi)有到就把錢花完了。

兩者在一定條件下可以互換

如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol.

Our time is running out. 我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。= We are running out of time.

7. work out

（1）結(jié)局，結(jié)果為

The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的這個(gè)策略效果很好。

（2）算出，制訂出，消耗完（精力等）

He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)疲乏似的。

He worked out a plan. 他制訂了一個(gè)計(jì)劃。

I have worked out our total expenses. 我已經(jīng)算出了我們總的費(fèi)用。

8. hang out 閑蕩 閑逛

I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜歡和我的朋友一起去購(gòu)物中心閑蕩。

9. be able to do 能，會(huì)

be unable to do 不能，不會(huì)

10. for sure 確實(shí)如此，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)

You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你沒(méi)有錢，這是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的。

11. fill… with… 使…充滿… 用…填充…

She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填滿碗。

12. hand out 分發(fā) hand out bananas

give out 分發(fā) give out sth to sb. 分….給某人

give up doing 放棄… give up smoking 放棄吸煙

give away 贈(zèng)送 捐贈(zèng) give away money to kids

give sb. sth. 給某人某東西 give me money 給我錢

give sth. to sb. 給某人某東西 give money to me 給我線

13. help sb. out 幫助…做事，解決難題(擺脫困境)

I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出這道數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)你幫我解決。

14. train n. 火車 v. 訓(xùn)練

train sb. to do. 訓(xùn)練某人做某事

She trains her dog to fetch things. 她訓(xùn)練她的狗去取東西。

15. at once == right away 立刻 馬上 如：

Do it at once. 馬上去做。

I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我馬上去那里。

16. one day 有一天 (指將來(lái)/過(guò)去)

some day 有一天(指將來(lái)) 如：

One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。

Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我將去北京。

Unit3 Could you please clean your room?

1. 關(guān)于 to 的短語(yǔ)總結(jié)

have to do sth. 不得不/必須做某事

need to do sth. 需要做某事

hate to do sth. 討厭做某事

like to do sth. 喜歡做某事

want to do sth. 想做某事

love to do sth. 熱愛(ài)做某事

forget to do sth. 忘記做某事

start to do sth. 開(kāi)始做某事

begin to do sth. 開(kāi)始做某事

ask sb to do sth. 請(qǐng)某人做某事

2. ---Could you please clean your room?

---Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.

---Could I please use the car?

---Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out.

在表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許的疑問(wèn)句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示禮貌，委婉或不確定的語(yǔ)氣，而 can 則不具備這些語(yǔ)氣。這種情況下不能把 could 看作 can 的過(guò)去式。以上兩句中用 could 是為了表示禮貌的請(qǐng)求。表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許時(shí)，除了 can, could 之外，還可以用 may，句子的表達(dá)方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式來(lái)表示同一個(gè)概念。例：

Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?

作允答可以各種各樣：

如同意可以說(shuō) Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，還可說(shuō) Yes, (do) please.或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.

如果不同意，可以說(shuō) I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免說(shuō) No, you can't. 這樣顯得很不禮貌。否定回答通常用委婉語(yǔ)氣。

Unit4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?

1. get

( 1 ) 買

get sth. for sb. = get sb. sth. 為某人買某物

Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?

= Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?

( 2 ) 得到，到達(dá)

Where did you get the book?

When did you get the letter?

He got home late last night.

（3）使，讓，get + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ) 使某人/某物怎么樣

Please get you coat clean.

Get your mouth closed.

get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事

I got him to call Jim yesterday.

（4）( 逐漸) 變得…...

The weather gets warmer and days get longer .

Why did the teacher get angry ?

2. how about/ what about 后跟名詞/代詞/動(dòng)詞ing形式。

（1）向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請(qǐng)求

How about going out for a walk?

How about something to eat?

（2）向?qū)Ψ秸髑笠庖?jiàn)或看法

How about the TV play ?

How about buying the house now ?

( 3 ) 詢問(wèn)天氣或身體情況

How about the weather in Hainan Island ?

How about your parents? Are they living with you ?

( 4 ) 談話中承接上下文

I’m forty years old. How about you?

I’m from Beijing. How about you?

3. receive 收到

The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .

receive a letter from = get a letter from = heard from收到某人的信

I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .

= I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .

= I heard from my parents last Sunday .

accept 接受

He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts.

She was very glad to receive the invitation.

I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .

4. a 6-year-old child 一個(gè)六歲的孩子

6-year-old 是由“數(shù)詞 +名詞 + 形容詞 ” 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，作前置定語(yǔ)，修飾后面的名詞child。

“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數(shù)形式：

a five-year-old girl 一個(gè)五歲的女孩

a two-meter-long ruler 一把兩米長(zhǎng)的尺子

a ten-story-high building 一棟十層高的樓房

a two-inch-thick dictionary 一本兩英寸厚的詞典

5. too...to… 太……而不能 ……

too 后跟形容詞或副詞原形, to 后跟動(dòng)詞原形, 構(gòu)成不定式，句子的主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定的主語(yǔ)不一時(shí), 可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前加邏輯主語(yǔ)for sb。

He is too young to join the army ( 軍隊(duì)) . 他年紀(jì)太小，不能去參軍。

The math problem is too difficult for me to work out . 這道數(shù)學(xué)題對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難了，做不出。

too...to…可以與enough to和so…that…轉(zhuǎn)換.

She is too young to do the work .

= She isn’t old enough to do the work .

Tom is too tired to walk any farther .

= Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .

6. pay , spend , cost , take 的區(qū)別

（1）pay 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢 ) , 主語(yǔ)是人。 sb. pay some money for sth.

I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . 我上個(gè)星期花了5000買電腦。

（2）spend 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢或時(shí)間 )，主語(yǔ)是人。

sb. spend some money on sth.

sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.

I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .

She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework . 她花了2個(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè)。

（3）cost 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢 ) , 主語(yǔ)是物。

sth. cost sb. some money.

This jacket cost him 200 dollars. 這件夾克衫花費(fèi)她200美元。

（4）take 花費(fèi) (時(shí)間 )，主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)為It.

It takes sb. some time to do sth.

花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事

How long does it take sb. to do sth? 花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事?

It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework. 劉紅花了2個(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè)。

7. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep

（1）sleep 動(dòng)詞, 睡覺(jué), 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。

I am very tired. I want to sleep. 我很累，想睡覺(jué)。

（2）sleeping, sleep 的現(xiàn)在分詞, 表示“ 正在睡覺(jué)”。

Don’t make so much noise. The baby is sleeping. 不要這么吵，寶寶在睡覺(jué)。

（3）sleepy 想睡覺(jué)的, 困倦的。

I am a little sleepy. I’d like to go to bed. 我有點(diǎn)困了，我想去床上睡覺(jué)了。

（4）asleep 睡著了的。

The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school. 老師發(fā)現(xiàn)湯姆上課睡覺(jué)，放學(xué)后就把他留了下來(lái)。

（5）fall asleep 強(qiáng)調(diào)從沒(méi)有睡著到睡著的過(guò)程, 不能接一段時(shí)間。

I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night . 我昨天晚上到很晚才睡著。

（6）be asleep 表示睡著后的狀態(tài) , “ 睡著了”, 可以接一段時(shí)間。

He was asleep for three hours. 他睡了3個(gè)小時(shí)。

8. open

( 1 ) 動(dòng)詞, 打開(kāi) , 開(kāi)業(yè), 開(kāi)張, 展現(xiàn)

Would you mind opening the window ? 你介意我把窗戶打開(kāi)嗎？

( 2 ) 形容詞, be open 開(kāi)著的, 開(kāi)放的

On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public. 在周末，這個(gè)游泳池是對(duì)公眾開(kāi)放的。

9. close 動(dòng)詞, 關(guān)閉, 關(guān)上 , 合上

closed 形容詞, be closed 關(guān)著的, 關(guān)閉的

10. encourage 動(dòng)詞, 鼓勵(lì), 激勵(lì)

encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事

Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves.

家長(zhǎng)們應(yīng)該要鼓勵(lì)孩子們自己動(dòng)手做事情。

11. progress 名詞, “ 進(jìn)步, 進(jìn)展”

make progress “取得進(jìn)步, 取得進(jìn)展”

Tom is now making great progress at school. 湯姆現(xiàn)在在學(xué)校的進(jìn)步很大。

12. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 對(duì) ( 做 )某事感興趣

否定表達(dá)是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 對(duì) ( 做 )某事不感興趣

Do you take an interest in English ? 你對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣嗎？

Most children take an interest in playing computer games. 大多數(shù)孩子對(duì)電腦游戲很感興趣。

13. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友

Would you like to make friends with us? 你想和我們交朋友嗎？

Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

1. arrive at 到達(dá)(小地方)

arrive in到達(dá)(大地方)

reach 到達(dá)

get to 到達(dá)

I arrived in Beijing last night. = I reached Beijing last night .

= I got to Beijing last night .

如果賓語(yǔ)是副詞here, there, home, 要把a(bǔ)t/in/to省略。

arrive here/there/home

get here/there/home

2. in front of… 在 … 的前面 (某一范圍外的前面)

in the front of … 在 … 的前面(某一范圍內(nèi)的前面)

There are some big trees in front of the classroom building. 在教室的前面有一些大樹(shù)。

I like sitting in the front of the taxi. 我喜歡坐在出租車的前排位置。

3. take off

（1）起飛

When did the plane take off yesterday? 飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候起飛？

（2）脫下(衣帽等)

He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room. 他一進(jìn)房間就脫掉了外套。

（3）取消

They will take off the 5 am train . 他們?nèi)∠嗽缟?點(diǎn)的火車。

4. get out (of ) … 從……離開(kāi)/出去/下來(lái)

A car stopped and a girl got out of it.

但從汽車/火車/船/飛機(jī)/馬匹上下來(lái), 用get off…

5. follow

（1）跟隨 I followed him up he hill. 我跟著他上了山.

（2）沿著……前進(jìn) Follow this road until you get to the post office. 順著這條路一直到郵局.

（3）聽(tīng)懂，理解 Could you speak more slowly? I can’t follow you. 你能說(shuō)慢點(diǎn)嗎？我聽(tīng)不懂。

（4）follow sb. to do sth. 跟著某人做某事

Please follow me to read the story. 請(qǐng)跟我讀這個(gè)故事。

6. shout at 大聲喊叫，多指因生氣而非善意的大聲叫喊

Don’t shout at the little boy. He is too young. 不要對(duì)他大叫，他還太小。

shout to 大聲喊叫，多指因距離遠(yuǎn)而不得不大聲叫喊

We should shout to him , or he can’t hear us. 我們應(yīng)該朝他叫喊，否則他聽(tīng)不到我們的聲音。

7. happen 發(fā)生，具體事件偶然的沒(méi)有預(yù)見(jiàn)的發(fā)生

（1）happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事

I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday .昨天我在公園碰巧遇見(jiàn)我的一個(gè)老朋友。

（2）sth happens to sb. 某人發(fā)生了某事

An car accident happened to him last month. 上個(gè)月他發(fā)生了交通事故.

take place 發(fā)生

（1）按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或按計(jì)劃發(fā)生

Great changes have taken place in China in recent years. 最近幾年中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化.

（2）(運(yùn)動(dòng)/ 活動(dòng)/會(huì)議等) 舉行

The meeting will take place next Friday. 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將于下星期五舉行。

take the place of 代替, 取代

Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal . 塑料有時(shí)能代替木材和金屬.

take one’s place 坐某人的位置, 代替某人的職務(wù)

Come to take my place. my seat is near the window . 來(lái)做我的位置，我的座位靠近窗戶。

8. anywhere 任何地方，常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中.

Did you go anywhere last night? 你昨天還去了別的地方了嗎？

somewhere 某個(gè)地方，用于肯定句。

come and see me. Then we’ll go out somewhere. 來(lái)我家找我，然后我們出去逛逛。

everywhere 處處, 到處 = here and there

I can’t find my pen though I looked for it everywhere. 盡管我到處都找過(guò)了，還是找不到我的鋼筆。

11. silence 名詞, 寂靜/無(wú)聲

There’s nothing but silence in the room. 屋內(nèi)寂靜無(wú)聲。

Keep in silence. 保持沉默.

silent 形容詞, 沉默的, 寂靜的

The old house was quite silent. 這所老房子寂靜無(wú)聲。

The cat moved on silent feet. 那只貓無(wú)聲地走動(dòng)著。

12. hear 聽(tīng)到

Can you hear someone knocking at the door? 你聽(tīng)到有人敲門(mén)了嗎？

（1）hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō) , 后接表示人或物的詞

I have never heard of him before. 我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他。

( 2 ) hear about 聽(tīng)說(shuō), 后接表示事件的名詞

I’ve just heard about his illness. 我剛剛聽(tīng)說(shuō)他生病的事。

Have you heard about the accident ? 你聽(tīng)說(shuō)了那場(chǎng)事故嗎?

（3）hear from 收到某人的來(lái)信

I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday. 我昨天收到在紐約的女兒的來(lái)信。

13. 主語(yǔ) + be + one of the + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + in / of 短語(yǔ)。

…… 是……中最……的……之一.

This was one of the most important events in modern American history. 這是美國(guó)歷史上最重要的事件之一。

Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 廈門(mén)是中國(guó)最漂亮的城市之一。

13. experience

（1）名詞經(jīng)驗(yàn), 不可數(shù)名詞 ; 經(jīng)歷, 體驗(yàn), 可數(shù)名詞

Have you had any experience of fishing? 你有釣魚(yú)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎?

Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa? 你能給我們談?wù)勀阍诜侵薜慕?jīng)歷嗎?

（2）動(dòng)詞 經(jīng)歷, 感覺(jué)

The children experienced many difficulties this time. 這次孩子們經(jīng)歷了許多困難.

experienced 形容詞 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的

be experienced in/at doing sth. = have much experience in/at doing sth. 做某事很有經(jīng)驗(yàn).

She is an experienced teacher. 他是一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的教師。

He is very experienced in/at repairing cars. 他修車很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

14. as … as … 和…… 一樣… 兩個(gè)as之間用形容詞或副詞的原形。

He works as carefully as she. 他和她一樣工作認(rèn)真。

She is as tall as her mother. 她和母親一樣高。

not as… as… 不如某人/某物…

He isn’t as / so old as he looks . 他不像看起來(lái)那么老。

She doesn’t run as / so fast as her brother. 她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。

15. have fun = have a good/great/wonderful time = enjoy oneself 玩得開(kāi)心，過(guò)得愉快

Did you have fun at the party? 昨天在派對(duì)上玩的開(kāi)心嗎？

= Did you have a good/great/wonderful time ?

= Did you enjoy yourself ?

have fun doing sth. 開(kāi)心做某事

I’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正開(kāi)心的彈吉他呢。

16. accident 事故, 意外遭遇

He was killed in an accident. 他死于一起意外事故.

traffic accident 交通事故

Many people die in traffic accidents every year. 每年有很多人死于交通事故。

by accident 偶然, 意外地

We met at the airport by accident . 我們偶然在機(jī)場(chǎng)遇見(jiàn)。

18. think about 考慮 (某個(gè)計(jì)劃 )

They are thinking about moving to Beijing. 他們考慮搬去北京。

think of 認(rèn)為 What do you think of the movie?= how do you like the movie? 你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣?

think over 仔細(xì)思考

We need a few days to think over this matter. 我們需要幾天時(shí)間來(lái)考慮這個(gè)事情。

19. 感嘆句

what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句

（1）What a beautiful girl (she is )! 多么美的姑娘呀 !

（2）What a clever boy ( he is )! 多么聰明的男孩呀 !

（3）What interesting pictures ( they are )! 多么美的圖片呀 !

（4）What tall buildings ( they are )! 多么高的樓呀 !

（5）What delicious food ( it is ) ! 多么可口的食物呀 !

（6）What bad weather ( it is ) ! 多么壞的天氣呀 !

規(guī)律：what + ( a/an ) + 形容詞 + 名詞 ( + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)) + !

名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí), 形容詞前面不能有a/an。

how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句

（7）How heavy the box is! 多么重的箱子呀!

How fast he runs! 他跑得多快呀!

（8）How careful the girl is! 多么細(xì)心的姑娘呀!

How well she plays the piano! 她的鋼琴?gòu)椀枚嗪醚?

20. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

（1）過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

What were you doing at 8:30 this morning? 今天早上8點(diǎn)半你正在做什么？

When I called him, he was having dinner. 當(dāng)我打電話給他時(shí)，他正在吃飯。

（2）過(guò)去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday? 你昨天7點(diǎn)到9點(diǎn)在做什么？

I was reading the whole morning yesterday. 我昨天一整個(gè)早上都在看書(shū)。

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成

（1）肯定句：主語(yǔ) + was / were +動(dòng)詞ing形式 + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

（2）否定句：主語(yǔ) + was / were + not + 動(dòng)詞ing形式 + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

（3）疑問(wèn)句：was / were + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞ing形式 + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ？

肯定回答：Yes , 主語(yǔ) + was / were .

否定回答：No, 主語(yǔ) + was / were + not .

Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains.

1. What do you think about/of...?

So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?=How do you like the story of Yu Gong? 你覺(jué)得愚公的故事如何？

2. It doesn’t seem adj. to do sth...

It doesn’t seem very possible to move a mountain. 把一座山給移掉好像不太可能。

3. This is because...

This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 這是因?yàn)樗麜?huì)根據(jù)他的形狀和大小，做出72種變化，可以將自己變成不同的動(dòng)物或東西。

4. … so… that+從句

Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 有時(shí)候他使金箍棒變得如此小以至于他可以把它放在耳朵里。

5. It takes sb. some time to do sth...

Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 因?yàn)樗鼈內(nèi)绱酥笠灾劣谧叩搅硪贿吇ㄙM(fèi)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

6. ...not...until十從句 直到......才......

Don’t eat it until you get to the forest. 你們到達(dá)森林之后才能吃。

7. shoot v.射，射擊，過(guò)去式shot

Hou Yi shoots the sun. 后羿射日。

shoot at sth. 瞄準(zhǔn)/朝......射擊

8. as soon as…“一…...就...…，剛...…就...…”

I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回來(lái)我就把消息告訴他。

He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. 他一坐下就把英語(yǔ)書(shū)拿出來(lái)了。

9. A god was so moved by Yu Gong that he send two gods to take the mountains away.

(1) move v. 打動(dòng)；使感動(dòng)

be moved (by sth./sb.) （被某人/事）感動(dòng)

I was moves by your kindness. 我被你的善良打動(dòng)了。

(2)take (…) away（把......）帶走，拿走

Someone took my iPhone away while I was waiting in the station. 當(dāng)我在車站等車的時(shí)候，有人拿走了我的iphone。

take out 帶出去，拿出去

take turns (to do…) 輪流做某事

10. remind v.“提醒，使想起”，及物動(dòng)詞

(1) remind sb. of sth. 讓我們想起某事

The old photo reminds me of my childhood. 這張老照片讓我想起了我的童年。

(2) remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事：

My parents often remind me to study hard. 我的父母總是提醒我要努力學(xué)習(xí)。

11. I think it’s a little bit silly. 我認(rèn)為那有點(diǎn)兒傻。

a little bit 意為“有點(diǎn)兒”，后加形容詞，相當(dāng)于a little，a bit

This is a little bit difficult for me. 這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)有點(diǎn)難。

12. turn...into... “把......變成......”

Please turn this into English. 請(qǐng)把這個(gè)譯成英語(yǔ)。

Joan is turning into a skilled musician. 瓊正在變成一個(gè)技藝精湛的音樂(lè)家。

13. at other times “平時(shí)，有時(shí)，在其他時(shí)候”

At other times he doesn’t have to get up at all. 平時(shí)他根本不必起來(lái)。

Sometimes we went to the beach and at other times we went to climb the mountains. 我們有時(shí)候去海灘，有時(shí)去爬山。

14. come out

(1) 出版

That magazine comes out every Monday. 那本雜志每周一出版。

(2) 出來(lái)，出現(xiàn)，開(kāi)花

The stars come out as soon as it was dark. 天一黑星星就出來(lái)了。

(2) 傳出，真相大白

The truth has come out at last. 最后真相大白了。

15. become interested in，對(duì)…...感興趣 = be interested in，后接名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞

I became interested in piano. 我對(duì)鋼琴感興趣。

16. whole adj. 全部的，整體的

whole后通常跟可數(shù)名詞，前加the/this/ my等形容詞性物主代詞修飾

The old man told us the whole story. 老人給我們講了整個(gè)故事。

all也指”所有的”，修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，放在the/ this/ my等詞前。

17. be made of… 由......制成，看得出原材料；

be made from… 由......制成，看不出原材料。

Unit7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?

1. It is adj. + (for sb. ) to do sth.

It is very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 當(dāng)你接近山頂時(shí)，連呼吸都會(huì)困難。

2. ... is because ...

One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一個(gè)主要的原因是人們想要在面臨困難時(shí)挑戰(zhàn)自己。

3. ...show(s) (sb) that...

The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 這些登山者的精神向我們證明：我們永遠(yuǎn)都不應(yīng) 該放棄實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。

4. 表達(dá)事物的長(zhǎng)，寬，高，深……?

sth. /sb. +be+數(shù)量+單位+形容詞long, wide, tall, deep。

The river is 2 meters deep.

Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high.

long---length (n. 長(zhǎng)度)

wide---width (n. 寬度)

deep---depth(n. 深度)

high----height(n.高度)

the length/depth/ width/height/size of sth. … 的長(zhǎng)度，深度，寬度，高度，面積

5. 問(wèn)事物的高，深，寬，長(zhǎng)…?

How high/deep/tall/wide/long/is...?

How high is Qomolangma? 珠穆朗瑪峰有多高？

6. The first Chinese team did so in1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei.

1) while, 此處是“而，然而，”輕微對(duì)比。不是“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”, 用在句中，前面有逗號(hào)。

2) succeed. v. 成功

succeed in doing sth.

He succeeded in finishing the work. 他成功的完成了工作。

success n.“成功”不可數(shù)

Confidence is the key to success. 自信是成功的關(guān)鍵。

success n. “成功的人，物”，可數(shù)

He is a great success. 他是一個(gè)很成功的人。

successful adj. 成功的， successfully adj. 成功地

7. Adult pandas spend more than12 hours a day eating 10 kilos of bamboo.

bamboo 做“竹子做的食物”或“竹子制品”不可數(shù)，bamboo chair；但做植物講時(shí)可數(shù)。

1) sb. spend + time/money + on sth./in doing sth.

2) sb. pay +money +for sth. 某人為某物支付多少錢

3) It takes sb + time+ to do sth. 花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事

4) sth + cost +money 某物值多少錢。

8. Canada is a lot less crowded than China. 加拿大不及中國(guó)擁擠很多。

less+adj+than 不及......

Joseph is less honest than his brother. 約瑟夫不像他兄弟那樣誠(chéng)實(shí)。

less than （中間不加任何詞）“少于” There are less than 30 girls in my class. 我們班不足30個(gè)女生。

more than （中間不加任何詞）“超過(guò)，多于，相當(dāng)于over”

There are more than 30 girls in my class. 我們班有超過(guò)30個(gè)女生。

Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island？

1. Have you read Little Woman yet? 你讀過(guò)《小婦人》這本書(shū)嗎？

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：

肯定式：主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。

疑問(wèn)式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞?

否定式: 主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + not + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法

1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等連用。.

I have finished my homework. I am free. (我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)

2）表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)， for + 一段時(shí)間，so far 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。(從10年前開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))

She has swum since half an hour before. 我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)。(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游)

already/yet的區(qū)別：

already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。

He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了。

My parents haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的父母還沒(méi)吃早餐。

2. What’s it like? 它怎么樣？

某物怎么樣？ What’s +物+like?

How+be + 物？ 某人怎么樣？

What’s +人+like? 用來(lái)提問(wèn)人的性格

What do / does +人 + look like?用來(lái)提問(wèn)人的外表

3. Oliver Twist is about a boy who went out to sea and found an Island full of treasures.

《霧都孤兒》講的是一個(gè)小男孩出海并發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)滿是珠寶的小島的故事。

full of 充滿

be full of = be filled with 充滿

The cup is full of water =The cup is filled with water.

be full for 對(duì)…很忙 This week is full for me.

4. It’s about four sisters growing up. 它講述的是四個(gè)姐妹的成長(zhǎng)故事。

grow up 長(zhǎng)大；成長(zhǎng)

I grew up in Beijing. 我在北京長(zhǎng)大。

grow into 長(zhǎng)大成為

Mary grew into a beautiful girl. 瑪麗長(zhǎng)成了一個(gè)漂亮的女孩。

5. You should hurry up. 你得快點(diǎn)。

hurry up 趕快；急忙（做某事）(用在口語(yǔ)中，用來(lái)催促別人快走）

in a hurry=in one’s hurry 匆忙地

hurry to do sth 匆忙去做

hurry sb. 催促某人

6. One of them died but the other ran towards my house. 他們中的一個(gè)人死了，另一個(gè)朝我的房子這邊跑過(guò)來(lái)了。

the other 另一個(gè) , one …the other一個(gè)….另一個(gè)(僅用兩者間)

other 泛指其他的人、物 作形容詞或代詞，其后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

others 泛指另外幾個(gè)，其余的 是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)

the others 其他東西；其余的人們，特指某一范圍的“其他的人或物”

another 其他的；再一個(gè)；另一個(gè)，只能用于三個(gè)或更多的人或物

7. think of / think about / think over辨析

（1）think of, 固定短語(yǔ)，表示“提到（某人、某物、某事或某主意等），考慮，思考，對(duì)......有某種看法”，后接名詞，代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式。

--- What do you think of your Chinese teacher?

--- I like her very much.

（2）think of 表示“思考，考慮，對(duì)......有某種看法”時(shí)，可以與think about 互換。

What do you think of the movie? = What do you think about the movie?

（3）think of 表示“想出，想著，想起”時(shí)，不可用think about 代替。

I always think of my childhood. 我總是想起我的童年。

（4）think over意為“仔細(xì)考慮，認(rèn)真考慮”，強(qiáng)調(diào)思考的程度比think of/about深，相當(dāng)于think about...carefully。 其中over是副詞，賓語(yǔ)若是名詞，則可位于over之前或之后；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，則必須放在over之前。

Think it over before you do it. 三思而后行。

Unit9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?

1. —Have you ever been to…? ---你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)游樂(lè)園嗎？

—Yes，I have. / No，I haven’t. ---是的，去過(guò)。/不，沒(méi)去過(guò)。

I/He/She have / has never been to… 我/他/她從沒(méi)去過(guò)……

I/He/She have / has been to… many times. 我/他/她去過(guò)...…很多次。

I’d like to go there again. 我還想再去一次。

2. — Have you ever been to an amusement park? ---你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)游樂(lè)園嗎？

— Yes，I have. / No，I haven’t. ---是的，去過(guò)。/不，沒(méi)去過(guò)。 點(diǎn)撥1

have been to＋地點(diǎn) 去過(guò)某地

I have been to Beijing. 我去過(guò)北京。

辨析：have been to＋sp.與 have gone to ＋sp.

①have been to ＋sp., 表示去過(guò)某處，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了，不在那里了。

We have been to Qingdao. 我們?nèi)ミ^(guò)青島。（現(xiàn)在不在青島）

②have gone to ＋sp., 表示到某處去了，現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。

They have gone to Sydney. 他們?nèi)ハつ崃?。（現(xiàn)在在悉尼或在途中）

③have been in ＋sp., 表示在某處呆過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

How long have you been in China? 你在中國(guó)住了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？

3. neither, nor用法相同，都用于否定的倒裝，意為“也不”。

so用于肯定的倒裝。意為“也”。

①否定句＋neither/nor＋be(have, 助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)＋另一主語(yǔ)，表示“也不”。

If you won’t go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。

He isn’t a teacher, neither am I. 他不是老師，我也不是。

②肯定句＋so＋be(have, 助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)＋另一主語(yǔ)，表示“也”。

She likes apples, so does her brother. 她喜歡蘋(píng)果，她弟弟也喜歡。

He is from the USA, so is his wife. 他是美國(guó)人，他妻子也是。

4. 辨析：hear，hear of與hear from

(1)hear為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，聽(tīng)到”，后可跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)

hear sb do sth表示“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做了某事”或hear sb doing sth表示“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人正做某事”。

We listened but could hear nothing. 我們留心聽(tīng)，卻什么也沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。

I heard her singing in her room. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她正在房間里唱歌。

(2)hear還可作“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”講，后常跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

I heard that he was ill. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他病了。

I heard that it’s a good film. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)那是部好影片。

(3)hear of意為“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”，后跟人或物作賓語(yǔ)。

I’ve never heard of that place. 我從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那個(gè)地方。

Have you ever heard of that story? 你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那個(gè)故事嗎？

(4)hear from意為“收到某人的來(lái)信”，后跟人作賓語(yǔ)。

How often do you hear from your sister? 你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間收到你姐姐的一次信？

I heard from him last week. 我上周收到他的信。

5. find，find out與look for都含有“尋找，找到”的意思，但其含義和用法卻不同。

(1)find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，通常指找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)具體的東西，也可指偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)某物或某種情況，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是找的結(jié)果。

Will you find me a pen? 你替我找支鋼筆好嗎？

He didn’t find his bike. 他沒(méi)找到他的自行車。

(2)look for意為“尋找”，是有目的地找，強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”這一動(dòng)作。

I don’t find my pen；I’m looking for it everywhere. 我沒(méi)有找到我的鋼筆，我正到處找。

(3)find out意為“找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明”，多指通過(guò)調(diào)查、詢問(wèn)、打聽(tīng)、研究之后“搞清楚，弄明白”，通常含有“經(jīng)過(guò)困難曲折”的含義，指找出較難找到的、無(wú)形的、抽象的東西。

Please find out when the train leaves. 請(qǐng)查一下火車什么時(shí)候離站。

Read this passage，and find out the answer to this question. 讀這篇短文，找出這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。

Unit10 I’ve had this bike for three years.

1. Some… Others...

Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.

有些人仍然住在家鄉(xiāng)。然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家鄉(xiāng)一兩次。

2. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest，I have not played for a while now.

至于我，我不想放棄我的足球衣。但是，說(shuō)實(shí)在的，我現(xiàn)在巳經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間沒(méi)有踢(足球)了。

3. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things? 你是否曾經(jīng)想過(guò)要舉辦一個(gè)庭院拍賣會(huì)來(lái)出售東西？

4. What would you do with the money you raise? 你會(huì)怎么處理你所籌集到的錢？

5. 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

already (肯定句)；yet (否定或疑問(wèn))；just；before；never；ever；recently最近；so far 到目前為止；

表示次數(shù)的詞，如：once, twice, three times；

for+時(shí)間段= since+時(shí)間段+ago；since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)；since+過(guò)去時(shí)的句子；

how long；these days等

附：常見(jiàn)的非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表。

1. 轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

borrow — keep

buy — have

put on — wear

catch/get a cold — have a cold

get to know — know

get to sleep — sleep

2. 轉(zhuǎn)化為“be + 形容詞/副詞/介詞/名詞”

close — be closed

open — be open

die — be dead

become — be

fall sleep — be asleep

wake up — be awake

make friends — be friends

fall/get ill — be ill

lose — be lost/missing

marry — be married

leave (+地點(diǎn)) — be away (from +地點(diǎn))

come back/go back/return — be back

begin / start — be on

go out — be out

finish — be over

get up — be up

go to bed — be in bed

join — be in/be a member of

get to/arrive in(at)/reach — be (in/at)

come to/go to/move to — be (in/at)